RESUMO Neste estudo, teve-se por objetivo avaliar a remoção de fósforo e obter coeficientes cinéticos em sistemas alagados construídos (SAC) utilizados no tratamento das águas residuárias da suinocultura (ARS), sob diferentes taxas de carregamento de fósforo (TCP). Para isso, foram utilizados oito tanques de 2,0 × 0,5 × 0,6 m. Em SAC3, SAC5, SAC7 e SAC9, foi plantado o capim tifton-85 (Cynodon spp.) e, em SAC2, SAC4, SAC6 e SAC8, foi plantada a taboa (Typha latifolia). As TCP médias aplicadas foram de 6,2 (SAC2 e SAC3), 12,4 (SAC4 e SAC5), 17,5 (SAC6 e SAC7) e 21,5 kg.ha-1.d-1 (SAC8 e SAC9). As eficiências de remoção de fósforo variaram entre 65 e 78%, valores que podem ser considerados satisfatórios, visto que a remoção de fósforo total nesses sistemas é baixa e varia entre 40 e 60%. Em relação aos ajustes de modelos cinéticos, verificou-se que o de primeira ordem não se ajustou bem aos dados obtidos neste trabalho, enquanto os de Brasil et al. (2007) e Kadlec & Wallace (2008) proporcionaram bom ajuste e descreveram com precisão a cinética de remoção de fósforo nos SAC avaliados, apresentando R2 superior a 90%.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate phosphorus removal and to obtain kinetic parameters in SACs used in the treatment of swine wastewater (ARS), under different phosphorus loading rates (TCP). For this, eight tanks of 2.0 × 0.5 × 0.6 m were used. SAC3, SAC5, SAC7, and SAC9 were planted with Tifton-85 bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) and SAC2, SAC4, SAC6, and SAC8 were planted with cattail (Typha latifolia). The average TCP applied were 6.2 (SAC2 and SAC3), 12.4 (SAC4 and SAC5), 17.5 (SAC6 and SAC7) and 21.5 kg ha-1 d-1 (SAC8 and SAC9). The efficiency of phosphorus removal ranged between 65 and 78%, values which can be considered satisfactory, since the removal of phosphorus in these systems is low and ranges between 40 and 60%. Regarding adjustment of the kinetic models, it was found that the first order model did not fit well to the data obtained in this work, while the models of Brasil et al. (2007) and Kadlec & Wallace (2008) provided good fit and accurately described the kinetics of phosphorus removal in the evaluated SACs, with R2 greater than 90%.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the degree of unilateral spatial neglect during the acute phase of stroke and long-term functional independence. METHODS: This was a prospective study of right ischemic stroke patients in which the independent variable was the degree of spatial neglect and the outcome that was measured was functional independence. The potential confounding factors included sex, age, stroke severity, topography of the lesion, risk factors, glycemia and the treatment received. Unilateral spatial neglect was measured using the line cancellation test, the star cancellation test and the line bisection test within 48 hours of the onset of symptoms. Functional independence was measured using the modified Rankin and Barthel scales at 90 days after discharge. The relationship between unilateral spatial neglect and functional independence was analyzed using multiple logistic regression that was corrected for confounding factors. RESULTS: We studied 60 patients with a median age of 68 (34-89) years, 52% of whom were male and 74% of whom were Caucasian. The risk for moderate to severe disability increased with increasing star cancellation test scores (OR=1.14 [1.03-1.26], p=0.01) corrected for the stroke severity, which was a confounding factor that had a statistically positive association with disability (OR=1.63 [1.13-2.65], p=0.01). The best chance of functional independence decreased with increasing star cancellation test scores (OR=0.86 [0.78-0.96], p=0.006) corrected for the stroke severity, which was a confounding factor that had a statistically negative association with independence (OR=0.66 [0.48-0.92], p=0.017). CONCLUSION: The severity of unilateral spatial neglect in acute stroke worsens the degree of long-term disability and functional independence.

RESUMO Efluentes de cozinhas industriais se caracterizam pela geração de elevado teor de óleos e gorduras. Esses produtos notadamente causam sérios problemas ambientais, sendo obrigatória a instalação de unidades de pré-tratamento no local onde são gerados, e com isso surge a importância das caixas de gordura (CGs), destinadas a esse fim. O desempenho das CGs tem relação direta com as condições processuais e hidrodinâmicas que ocorrem em seu interior. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de comparar as características hidrodinâmicas da CG funcionando sob duas condições operacionais distintas: flotação gravitacional e flotação forçada (auxiliada por difusores de ar). Realizaram-se quatro testes hidrodinâmicos na CG, sendo o primeiro e segundo testes com água limpa a uma vazão constante e o terceiro e quarto testes com efluente do Restaurante Universitário (RU), cuja vazão era variável em função das atividades do RU. Aplicaram-se a metodologia de distribuição do tempo de residência (DTR) e a técnica de estímulo e resposta utilizando cloreto de potássio (KCL) como elemento traçador. Os resultados hidrodinâmicos no primeiro teste operacional apontaram características entre o escoamento pistonado e o escoamento dispersivo, com moderada intensidade de dispersão e certa mistura. O segundo teste, com aeração, mostrou tendência ao escoamento em mistura completa com grande intensidade de dispersão. O terceiro teste, por flotação gravitacional, mostrou tendência a fluxo pistonado, enquanto o quarto teste demonstrou fluxo dispersivo, tendendo a um elevado grau de mistura. Observaram-se, em todos os testes, aparentes desvios causados provavelmente por zonas estagnadas (mortas), curtos-circuitos e fenômenos de recirculação, fazendo com que o volume útil da CG não fosse plenamente utilizado. Apesar de não fazer parte do escopo deste trabalho, a eficiência na remoção de óleos e graxas foi maior quando aplicada a flotação gravitacional, cuja mistura tende à pistonada, o que auxilia o grau de aquiescência e permite maior acúmulo de gordura flotada. Quanto à flotação forçada por meio dos aeradores, grande parte da gordura é oxidada e, portanto, minimizada, formando uma escuma de cor clara (branca) e de baixíssima espessura na parte superior da CG. Todavia, por se tratar de elevado grau de mistura, a eficiência de retenção se mostrou, como previsto, inferior ao processo gravitacional.

ABSTRACT Effluents from industrial kitchens are characterized by high-generated content of oils and fats. These products cause serious environmental problems, and it is mandatory to install pretreatment units in the places where they are generated. Hence the importance of grease traps, intended for this purpose, whose performance is directly related to the processual and hydrodynamic conditions inside. This study aimed to compare the hydrodynamic characteristics of greaser trap (GT) working under two different operating conditions: gravitational flotation and forced flotation (aided by air diffusers). Four hydrodynamic tests were performed in the GT, the 1st and 2nd tests with clean water at a constant flow rate and the 3rd and 4th tests with wastewater from the university restaurant, with variable flow. The methodology applied to evaluate the residence time distribution (RTD) was the technique of stimulus/response using potassium chloride (KCl) as a tracer element. The hydrodynamic results in the 1st operating test indicated features between slug flow and dispersive flow, with moderate dispersion intensity and some mixing. The 2nd operating test, under aeration, showed tendency of complete mixing with great dispersion intensity. The 3rd test, by gravitational flotation, tended to become plug-flow, while the 4th test was characterized as dispersive flow, tending to a high degree of mixing. In all tests, apparent deviations, probably caused by stagnant areas or dead zones, short-circuits and internal recirculation phenomena, were observed, confirming that the useful volume of GT was not fully utilized. Although not part of the scope of this work, the efficiency in removing oils and greases was higher when the gravitational flotation was applied, whose mixture tends to the plug-flow type, which assists the degree of acquiescence and allows a greater accumulation of floated fat. As for the forced flotation through the aerators, much of the fat is oxidized and thus minimized, forming a light color slag (white) and of very low thickness at the top of the CG. However, because of its high degree of mixture, the retention efficiency, as expected, was shown to be lower than the gravitational process.

RESUMO No presente trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar a influência da vegetação em sistemas alagados construídos (SACs) na remoção de poluentes da água residuária da suinocultura (ARS). O experimento foi constituído por três SACs, construídos em escala piloto. O SAC1 foi utilizado como controle, não sendo nele cultivada nenhuma espécie vegetal. No SAC2 foi plantada a taboa (Typha latifolia ), e no SAC3, o capim tifton-85 (Cynodon spp.). Quanto à remoção de demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO) e de sólidos suspensos totais (SST), não se constatou diferença entre os SACs (p>0,05), no entanto a eficiência de remoção de demanda química de oxigênio (DQO) foi diferente entre os SACs (p<0.05) - o SAC1 foi mais eficiente que o SAC2. Com exceção de Mg, o cultivo do capim tifton-85 e da taboa não influenciou (p>0,05) a remoção de macro nem de micronutrientes. A forma de cultivo nos SACs nem mesmo o tipo de espécie cultivada tiveram influência considerável na remoção de matéria orgânica, de macro e de micronutrientes da ARS.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the influence of vegetation in constructed wetlands (CWs) in removing swine wastewater (SWW) pollutants. The experiment consisted of three CWs, built on a pilot scale. CW1 was used as control, and no plant species were cultivated in it. In CW2, cattail (Typha latifolia ) was planted, and in CW3, bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.). No difference was observed between the CWs regarding the removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS) (p>0.05). Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal was different between the CWs (p<0.05) - CW1 was more efficient than CW2. With the exception of Mg, bermudagrass and cattail cultivation did not influence (p>0.05) the removal of macro and micronutrients. The form of cultivation in the CWs and even the type of species cultivated had considerable influence in the removal of organic matter and nutrients of SWW.

RESUMO: O potencial evocado visual (PEV) é técnica eletrodiagnóstica que permite avaliação das vias visuais. O PEV de 20 cães e 20 ovinos adultos, de ambos os sexos, foram obtidos para estudo normativo. Foram utilizados eletrodos de agulha monopolar posicionados em O1 e O2 (ativos), em Fpz (referência comum) e em Cz (terra). O estímulo foi na forma de flash a 1Hz. Dezessete cães e 17 ovinos foram incluídos no estudo, pois apresentaram potenciais auditivos com boa qualidade técnica. Os resultados da avaliação dos dois olhos foram agrupados, totalizando 34 exames em cada espécie. O achado mais consistente em todos os exames foi uma deflexão eletropositiva, com latência média de 55,4ms em cães (P55) e 63,75ms em ovinos (P63). Outras duas ondas eletronegativas também foram identificadas: N31 e N75 em cães; e N42 e N86 em ovinos. A metodologia utilizada neste estudo permitiu obtenção de potenciais visuais com pequena variabilidade, sendo útil para avaliação de animais com suspeita de alteração nas vias visuais centrais.

ABSTRACT: The visual evoked potential (VEP) is an electro-diagnostic technique that allows assessment of visual pathways. The VEP from 20 adult dogs and 20 adult sheep of both gender was obtained for normative study. Monopolar electrode needles were placed in O1 and O2 (active), Fpz (common reference) and Cz (ground). The stimuli were flash at 1Hz. Seventeen dogs and 17 sheep were included in the study because they had auditory potentials with good technical quality. The results from both eyes were grouped, totaling 34 results in each species. The most consistent result in all tests was an electropositive deflection, with a mean latency 55.4ms in dogs (P55) and 63.75ms in sheep (P63). Two negative deflections were also identified: N31 and N75 in dogs, and N42 and N86 in sheep. The methodology used in this study allowed to obtain potential similar to those described in other studies, with little variability, and is useful for evaluation of animals with suspected changes in the central visual pathways.

RESUMO O entendimento sobre a hidrodinâmica dos reatores é essencial para melhorar o desempenho e produção de biogás destas unidades. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o comportamento hidrodinâmico de um sistema combinado anaeróbio-aeróbio em escala laboratorial no tratamento da vinhaça. O experimento foi conduzido em um sistema utilizando dois reatores UASB em série seguidos por um biofiltro biológico aerado submerso (FBAS). As vazões aplicadas no sistema e os correspondentes TRHs teóricos nos reatores UASB1, UASB2 e FBAS foram respectivamente: 15,6 L d-1 e 1,2 d; 1,2 d e 1,0 d (Fase I - Primeiro ano); 8,5 L d-1 e 2,1 d; 2,1 d e 1,8 d (Fase II- Primeiro ano); 14,6 L d-1 e 1,1 d; 1,1 d e 1,0 d (Fase III- Segundo ano); 29,5 L d-1 e 0,6 d; 0,6 d e 0,5 d (Fase IV- Segundo ano). Os perfis hidrodinâmicos foram realizados por meio de testes tipo pulso estímulo-resposta empregando como traçador LiCl. Os coeficientes de determinação (R2) dos modelos de dispersão indicam uma maior aproximação do modelo de tanques de mistura completa em série (multi-CSTR), com uma média de 2,5; 2,3 e 1,2 (primeiro ano) e 1,1; 1,4 e 0,9 (segundo ano) reatores de mistura completa (multi-CSTR) em série para UASB1, UASB2 e FBAS, respectivamente. Os resultados realizados nos reatores UASB1, UASB2 e FBAS indicaram forte tendência do escoamento ao regime hidráulico de mistura completa, sendo detectada grande dispersão nas unidades, além da presença de curtos-circuitos e zonas mortas.

ABSTRACT The understanding of reactor hydrodynamics is essential for improving the performance of a reactor and biogas production. This study sought to evaluate the hydrodynamic behavior of a combined anaerobic-aerobic system at a laboratory scale for treating vinasse. The experiment was conducted in a system using two UASB reactors connected in series, followed by an Aerated Submerged Biological Filter (ASBF). The flow rates applied to the system and the corresponded theoretical HRTs in the UASB1, UASB2 and ASBF were respectively: 15.6 L d-1 and 1.2 d, 1.2 d and 1.0 d (Phase I - first year); 8.5 L d-1 and 2.1 d; 2.1 d and 1.8 d (Phase II - first year), 14.6 L d-1 and 1.1 d, 1.1 d and 1.0 d (Phase III - second year); 29.5 L d-1 and 0.6 d, 0.6 d and 0.5 d (Phase IV - second year). The hydrodynamic studies were carried out using pulse type stimulus-response tests, employing LiCl as a tracer. The coefficients of determination for the dispersion models (R2) indicate a close approximation of a continuous stirred tank reactor in series (multi-CSTR) model, with an average of 2.5, 2.3 and 1.2 (first year), and 1.1, 1.4 and 0.9 (second year) multi-CSTR for UASB1, UASB2 and ASBF, respectively. Results of the hydrodynamic tests carried out in UASB1, UASB2 and ASBF indicated strong tendency for flow in the complete mixture hydraulic regime, detecting a wide dispersion in the units, in addition to the presence of short circuits and dead zones.

OBJECTIVE: The face-hand test is a simple, practical, and rapid test to detect neurological syndromes. However, it has not previously been assessed in a Brazilian sample; therefore, the objective of the present study was to standardize the face-hand test for use in the multi-cultural population of Brazil and identify the sociodemographic factors affecting the results. METHODS: This was a cross sectional study of 150 individuals. The sociodemographic variables that were collected included age, gender, race, body mass index and years of education. Standardization of the face-hand test occurred in 2 rounds of 10 sensory stimuli, with the participant seated to support the trunk and their vision obstructed in a sound-controlled environment. The face-hand test was conducted by applying 2 rounds of 10 sensory stimuli that were applied to the face and hand simultaneously. The associations between the face-hand test and sociodemographic variables were analyzed using Mann-Whitney tests and Spearman correlations. Binomial models were adjusted for the number of face-hand test variations, and ROC curves evaluated sensitivity and specificity of sensory extinction. RESULTS: There was no significant relationship between the sociodemographic variables and the number of stimuli perceived for the face-hand test. There was a high relative frequency of detection, 8 out of 10 stimuli, in this population. Sensory extinction was 25.3%, which increased with increasing age (OR=1.4[1:01–1:07]; p=0.006) and decreased significantly with increasing education (OR=0.82[0.71-0.94]; p=0.005). CONCLUSION: In the Brazilian population, a normal face-hand test score ranges between 8–10 stimuli, and the results indicate that sensory extinction is associated with increased age and lower levels of education.

RESUMO Objetivo Relacionar as ondas-F com exames clínicos e laboratoriais na fase aguda do acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Os critérios de inclusão para este estudo transversal foram: hemiplegia, ausência de trauma craniano, miopatia, diabetes, alcoolismo ou outra causa conhecida de neuropatia periférica, além de condução sensorial e motora normal. O National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), glicemia, hemoglobina glicada e CPK foram obtidos na admissão por meio de exames de rotina. Após a admissão hospitalar, a latência e persistência das ondas-F foram obtidas por meio da estimulação do nervo fibular profundo utilizando técnicas simétricas. Foram avaliados 20 indivíduos – média de idade 66 anos, 50% homem e 85% caucasianos – apresentaram associação univariada da persistência das ondas-F com glicemia (r = 0.71; p < 0.001) e NIHSS categorizado (NIHSS 1–7 = 65.0 x NIHSS 9-23 = 100; p = 0.004). Na regressão multivariada foi encontrado associação somente entre persistência de ondas-F com glicemia β = 0.59(0.44–0.74); p < 0.001. Conclusão O aumento da persistência de ondas-F está associado com maior nível de glicemia na fase aguda do AVC.

ABSTRACT Objective To relate F-waves with clinical and laboratory exams in the acute phase of stroke. Methods Inclusion criteria for this cross-sectional study were: hemiplegia, absence of previous cranial trauma, myopathy, diabetes, alcoholism or other known causes of peripheral neuropathy, and normal sensory and motor conduction. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, glycemia, glucosilate hemoglobin, and CPK were obtained at admission by routine blood exams. After hospital admission, the F-wave latencies and persistence were obtained from the deep peroneal nerve using symmetrical techniques. Results Evaluation of 20 individuals – mean age 66 years, 50% male and 85% Caucasian – showed association of F-wave persistence with glycemia (r = 0.71; p < 0.001) and NIHSS categorized (NIHSS 1-7 = 65.0 x NIHSS 9-23 = 100; p = 0.004). Multivariate analysis found only association of F-wave persistence with glycemia β = 0.59 (0.44–0.74); p < 0.001. Conclusion The increase in the persistence of F-waves are associated with hyperglycemia in the acute phase of stroke.

RESUMO: O Potencial Evocado Auditivo de Tronco Encefálico (BAEP-Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential) avalia a integridade das vias auditivas até o tronco encefálico. O objetivo da pesquisa foi padronizar o uso do BAEP em 21 equinos, sem aparente anormalidade auditiva. Os animais foram sedados com cloridrato de detomidina (0,013mg.kg-1 de PV). Foram utilizados fones de inserção,cliques de rarefação a 90 dB e um ruído de mascaramento de 40 dB. Foram identificadas as latências das ondas I, II, III, IV e V e dos interpicos I-III, III-V e I-V. As médias das latências das ondas foram: onda I 2,24ms; onda II 2,74ms; onda III 3,61ms; onda IV 4,61ms; e onda V 5,49ms. As médias das latências dos interpicos foram: I-III 1,37ms; III-V 1,88ms; e I-V 3,26ms. Este é o primeiro estudo utilizando o BAEP em equinos no Brasil e as latências observadas serão utilizadas como dados normativos para interpretação de exames de cavalos com anormalidades auditivas ou neurológicas.

ABSTRACT: The brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) evaluates the integrity of the auditory pathways to the brainstem. The aim of this study was to evoke BAEPs in 21 clinically normal horses. The animals were sedated with detomidine hydrochloride (0.013mg.kg-1 BW). Earphones were inserted and rarefaction clicks at 90 dB and noise masking at 40 dB were used. After performing the test, the latencies of waves (I, II, III, IV, and V) and interpeaks(I-III, III-V, and I-V) were identified. The mean latencies of the waves were as follows: wave I, 2.4 ms; wave II, 2.24 ms; wave III, 3.61ms; wave IV, 4.61ms; and wave V, 5.49ms. The mean latencies of the interpeaks were as follows: I-III, 1.37ms; III-V, 1.88ms; and I-V, 3.26ms. This is the first study using BAEPs in horses in Brazil, and the observed latencies will be used as normative data for the interpretation of tests performed on horses with changes related to auditory system or neurologic abnormalities.

No presente trabalho objetivou-se avaliar a influência da carga de nutrientes e da espécie cultivada na remoção de K, Na, Cu e Zn da água residuária da suinocultura tratada em sistemas alagados construídos (SACs). Os SACs em escala piloto foram constituídos por caixas de fibra de vidro, nas dimensões de 0,6 m de altura x 0,5 m de largura x 2,0 m de comprimento. Nos SAC3, SAC5, SAC7 e SAC9 foi plantado o capim-tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) e nos SAC2, SAC4, SAC6 e SAC8 foi plantada a taboa (Typha latifolia). A diferenciação na carga foi realizada com a aplicação de diferentes vazões afluentes nos SACs, que corresponderam a taxas de carregamento de potássio (TCK), sódio (TCNa), cobre (TCCu) e zinco (TCZn) de 21,6; 15,2; 0,017 e 0,140 (SAC2 e SAC3), 43,4; 30,6; 0,035 e 0,281 (SAC4 e SAC5), 61,1; 43,0; 0,05e 0,395 (SAC6 e SAC7) e 74,4; 52,4; 0,060 e 0,481 kg ha-1 d-1 (SAC8 e SAC9). As variáveis foram avaliadas estatisticamente no esquema fatorial 2 x 4 (2 espécies e 4 taxas de carga de nutrientes) no delineamento em blocos casualizados (DBC). Verificou-se que nem a carga aplicada nem o tipo de espécie cultivada influenciaram significativamente na remoção Na, Cu e Zn pelos SACs, exceto para K, no qual a carga aplicada demonstrou influência na remoção deste constituinte.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of nutrient loading and species cultivated in removing K, Na, Cu and Zn from swine wastewater treated in constructed wetlands (SACs). The experiment consisted of eight SACs, built on a pilot scale. SAC3, SAC5, SAC7 and SAC9 were planted with Tifton-85 bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) and SAC2, SAC4, SAC6 and SAC8 were planted with cattail (Typha latifolia). The difference in load was made by applying different inflows to the SACs, corresponding to loading rates of potassium (TCK), sodium (TCNA), copper (TCCu) and zinc (TCZn) of 21.6, 15.2, 0.017 and 0.140 (SAC2 and SAC3), 43.4, 30.6, 0.035 and 0.281 (SAC4 and SAC5), 61.1, 43.0, 0.05 and 0.395 (SAC6 and SAC7), and 74.4; 52.4, 0.060 and 0.481 kg ha-1 d-1 (SAC8 and SAC9). The variables were statistically evaluated in a 2 x 4 factorial (2 species and 4 rates of nutrient loading) in a randomized block design. It has been found that neither the applied load nor the type of species cultivated influenced the removal of Na, Cu and Zn from the SACs, except for K, for which the load applied influenced the removal of this constituent.

Objetivo Investigar a relação entre o Alberta Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) e a Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) para avaliação da incapacidade neurológica de pacientes na fase aguda do acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Método 59 pacientes com diagnóstico de primeiro AVC foram avaliados. O ASPECTS foi avaliado por 2 neurologistas na admissão e por outro neurologista após 48 horas. O National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) e SSS foram aplicadas para determinar a gravidade do AVC. As correlação e concordâncias foram analisadas estatisticamente pelos testes de Spearman e Kappa. Resultados ASPECTS foi correlacionado com o NIHSS na admissão (r = -0,52; p < 0,001) e SSS (r = 0,50; p < 0,001). O ASPECTS e os itens do SSS que mais se relacionaram foram força do braço (r = 0,52; p < 0,001), da mão (r = 0,49; p < 0,001) e fala (r = 0,51; p < 0,001). A pontuação da SSS de 25,5 mostrou sensibilidade (68%) e especificidade (72%) quando associado ao ASPECTS ≤ 7. Conclusão A SSS pode predizer pior incapacidade neurológica quando associado a baixos valores do ASPECTS.

Objective To investigate the correlation between the Alberta Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and the Scandinavian Stroke Scale (SSS) for the evaluation of neurological impairment in patients with acute stroke. Method 59 patients with a first acute ischemic stroke were evaluated. The ASPECTS were evaluated by 2 neurologists at admission and by another neurologist after 48 hours. The NIHSS and SSS was applied to determinate stroke severity. Correlations and agreements were analysed statistically by Spearman and Kappa tests. Results ASPECTS was correlated with National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) at admission (r = -0.52; p < 0.001) and SSS (r = 0.50; p < 0.001). The ASPECTS and SSS items were most correlated with arm (r = 0.52; p < 0.001) and hand (r = 0.49; p < 0.001) motor power, and speech (r = 0.51; p < 0.001). The SSS of 25.5 shows sensitivity (68%) and specificity (72%) when associated with ASPECTS ≤ 7. Conclusion The SSS can predict worst neurological impairment when associated with lower values of ASPECTS.

Objetivo O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a relação entre a negligência espacial unilateral (NEU) e hemoglobina (Hb) na fase aguda do acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Método Foi realizado estudo transversal em pacientes com AVC de hemisfério direito dentro das primeiras 48 horas do ictus. Variáveis independentes: nível de Hb (mg/dL); Desfecho: NEU; Fatores potenciais de confundimento: Idade, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) e glicemia (mg/dL); A caracterização das variáveis foram obtidas por meio de prontuários eletrônicos, Hb e glicemia por exames laboratoriais, e NEU por meio do Line Cancellation (LCT), Star Cancelation (SCT), e Line Bisection Tasks (LBT). Resultados 40 indivíduos foram avaliados e foi observado que quanto maior os níveis de Hb, melhor o desempenho nos testes de NEU, demonstrando correlação negativa entre eles. Conclusão Níveis baixos de hemoglobina podem indicar pior desempenho nos testes de NEU na fase aguda do AVC.

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between unilateral spatial neglect (USN) and haemoglobin (Hb) level in acute phase of stroke. Method Cross-sectional study was performed after right hemisphere ischemic stroke. Independent variable: Hb level (mg/dL); Outcome: USN; Potential confounding factors: Age, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and glycaemia (mg/dL); Characterization variables were obtained from electronic medical records, Hb, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and glycaemia by laboratory exams, and USN by cancellation and bisection tasks. The relationship between Hb and USN was assessed by Spearman correlation and linear regression model. Results 40 individuals were evaluated; it was observed that the higher the Hb level, the better the USN test performance, with the two being negatively correlated. There was no significant correlation between VCM level and USN performance. Conclusion Low hemoglobin levels may indicate a worse performance in USN cancellation and bissection tests in acute phase of stroke.

O potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico (PEATE) tem sido amplamente utilizado com diferentes finalidades na prática veterinária e é comumente usado para identificar a surdez hereditária e a presbiacusia. No presente estudo, 43 cães da raça Boxer foram pelo teste PEATE. Foi diagnosticada surdez em 3 cães (2 bilaterais e 1 unilateral), e 40 Boxers foram usados no estudo normativo incluindo avaliação da influência da idade no PEATE. Os animais foram divididos de acordo com a idade em 2 grupos de 20 Boxers cada. A idade media foi 4,54 anos (variação de 1-8) no grupo I e 9,83 anos (variação de 8,5-12) no grupo II. A latência media das ondas I, III e V foram: 1,14 (±0,07); 2,64 (±0,11) e 3,48 (±0,10) ms no grupo I; e 1,20 (±0,12); 2,73 (±0,15) e 3,58 (±0,22) ms no grupo II, respectivamente. A latência media para os intervalos I-III, III-V e I-V foram 1,50 (±0,15); 0,84 (±0,15) e 2,34 (±0,11) ms no grupo I; e 1,53 (±0,16); 0,85 (±0,15) e 2,38 (±0,19) ms no grupo II, respectivamente. As latências das ondas I e III foram estatisticamente diferentes entre os grupos I e II. Não foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre os dois grupos para os intervalos I-III, III-V e I-V. De acordo com a revisão realizada, este é o primeiro estudo normativo de BAEP realizado em cães da raça Boxer.

Brainstem auditory-evoked potential (BAEP) has been widely used for different purposes in veterinary practice and is commonly used to identify inherited deafness and presbycusis. In this study, 43 Boxer dogs were evaluated using the BAEP. Deafness was diagnosed in 3 dogs (2 bilateral and 1 unilateral) allowing the remaining 40 Boxers to be included for normative data analysis including an evaluation on the influence of age on the BAEP. The animals were divided into 2 groups of 20 Boxers each based on age. The mean age was 4.54 years (range, 1-8) in group I, and 9.83 years (range, 8.5-12) in group II. The mean latency for I, III, and V waves were 1.14 (±0.07), 2.64 (±0.11), and 3.48 (±0.10) ms in group I, and 1.20 (±0.12), 2.73 (±0.15), and 3.58 (±0.22) ms in group II, respectively. The mean inter-peak latencies for the I-III, III-V and I-V intervals were 1.50 (±0.15), 0.84 (±0.15), and 2.34 (±0.11) ms in group I, and 1.53 (±0.16), 0.85 (±0.15), and 2.38 (±0.19) ms in group II, respectively. Latencies of waves I and III were significant different between group I and II. For the I-III, III-V and I-V intervals, no significant differences were observed between the 2 groups. As far as we know, this is the first normative study of BAEP obtained from Boxer dogs.

Objetivo : Descrever um novo sinal clínico associado à síndrome de negligência unilateral (SNU) em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCi). Método : Em 150 pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico, foram realizadas tomografias de crânio e aplicada a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale. Aqueles pacientes com lesões vasculares à direita, hemiplegia esquerda e perna direita persistentemente cruzada sobre a esquerda, foram submetidos a testes específicos para SNU. Trinta pacientes também com lesões vasculares à direita, hemiplegia esquerda, porém sem evidências de permanecerem com as pernas cruzadas, foram submetidos aos mesmos testes clínicos. Resultados : Entre 150 pacientes com AVCi, 9 apresentaram lesão vascular cerebral à direita, hemiplegia esquerda e tendência em permanecer com a perna direita cruzada sobre a esquerda. Em 8 deles, testes específicos realizados nos primeiros dias de internação, confirmaram SNU à esquerda. Um paciente morreu antes que os testes pudessem ser aplicados. Dos 30 pacientes que não cruzaram as pernas, os testes foram normais em 20. Dez pacientes apresentaram alterações mínimas, insuficientes para o diagnóstico de SNU. Conclusão : A perna direita cruzada sobre a esquerda pode representar um novo sinal semiológico associado à hemiplegia esquerda e SNU à esquerda.

Objective : To describe a new clinical sign associated with left unilateral neglect syndrome (UNS) in patients with ischemic stroke. Method : Head computed tomography (CT) and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale were obtained in 150 patients with ischemic stroke. Those with right cerebral vascular lesions, left hemiplegia and right leg persistently crossed over the left were submitted to specific tests for UNS. The tests were also applied to 30 patients with right cerebral vascular lesions, left hemiplegia but without crossed legs. Results : From 9 patients with persistent tendency to cross the right leg over the left, UNS was detected in 8. One patient died before the clinical tests were applied. Of the 30 patients without the crossed legs, 20 had normal clinical tests for UNS and 10 had minimal alterations, not sufficient for the diagnosis of UNS. Conclusion : The right leg crossed over the left may represent a new neurological semiotic sign associated with left hemiplegia and left UNS.

O potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico (Brainstem Auditory Evoked Potential - BAEP) avalia a atividade elétrica do sistema auditivo, desde a cóclea até o tronco encefálico, permitindo diagnóstico de surdez em cães. Como alguns animais não permitem a obtenção do BAEP sem contenção química, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a influência da sedação com morfina e acepromazinano BAEP de 16 cães com audição normal. Os potenciais foram obtidos antes e durante a sedação com administração intramuscular de morfina (0,5mgkg-1) e acepromazina (0,05mgkg-1). O protocolo de sedação utilizado permitiu contenção efetiva e segurança dos animais. A sedação causou prolongamento nas latências das ondas II, III e intervalos I-III e I-V, mas não dificultou as suas identificações. O uso deste protocolo de sedação não interferiu com a interpretação do potencial evocado e pode ser útil em cães. Pelo que se pode observar na literatura compilada, este é o primeiro estudo avaliando a influência da sedação no BAEP em cães no Brasil.

Brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) reflects the electrical activity along the auditory pathway, from the cochlea to the brainstem, and contributes for the diagnosis of deafness in dogs. BAEP recording may require chemical restraint in some cases, so this study was designed to analyze the impact of sedation with morphine and acepromazine on the BAEP recordings of 16 dogs with normal hearing. BAEPs were recorded before and during sedation with a combination of morphine (0.5mgkg-1) and acepromazine (0.05mgkg-1) given intramuscularly. The protocol employed allowed safe and effective animal restraint. Sedation increased the latency of waves II and III and intervals I-III and I-V but did not interfere with wave identification. and showed to be safe in the dogs tested. Based on the current literature this is the first study which assessed the impact of sedation on BAEPs in dogs in Brazil.